This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits applications for Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNE) that will be a main part of the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer (The Alliance) program (http://nano.cancer.gov). Whereas CCNEs will form the core of the Alliance, they will be accompanied by smaller Innovative Research in Cancer Nanotechnology (IRCN) awards and T32 training programs. This FOA is open to all qualified applicants regardless of whether or not they participated in the previous issuance of the program. CCNEs are designed to link physical scientists, engineers, and technologists working at the nanoscale with cancer biologists and oncologists specializing in the diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of cancer to enable development and translation of new cancer care applications based on nanotechnology. CCNE awards will support the development of techniques and tools that are applicable to: early disease diagnosis using in vitro assays and devices or in vivo imaging techniques; multifunctional therapeutic solutions, including nanoparticle-driven immunotherapies; and techniques for cancer prevention and control. Multi-disciplinary research teams submitting applications should collectively have the breadth of expertise that would allow them to: (a) identify an overarching problem in cancer biology and/or oncology that can be addressed with a multi-project approach leveraging nanotechnology and (b) demonstrate the translational potential of the technologies proposed in the above mentioned projects. The overall goal is a rapid advance of novel cancer care applications based on nanotechnology. NCI will hold a pre-application informational webinar for this FOA. Date, time, and other details will be posted at http://nano.cancer.gov/phase3info.